They can be tuned by breaking the glue seal and sliding the mouthpiece away from the body, thereby lowering the pitch. Many whistles, such as the Sweetone, Oak and Generation whistles, have metal bodies and plastic mouthpieces. Bore shape is simply a matter of personal preference. The material and spacing of the tone holes have a bigger influence on the sound. Whistles may have a conical or cylindrical bore, and if well constructed, the shape of the bore has no impact on the sound of the instrument. They are easier to care for and more durable than wood. Wood is more expensive but great whistles do not necessarily have to be expensive. Tin, also called pennywhistles, and low whistles are another type of fipple flute that are commonly made of plastic, brass, aluminum, nickel and various woods. The tin whistle is most commonly used for Irish traditional music and English country-dances. Bass recorders may have a bocal (blowpipe) that allows the instrument to be held higher so that the right hand does not have to stretch as far to reach the lower keys. The smaller bore are also lighter and less expensive. The smaller bore models are usually keyless, while the longer bore models need the single or double key in order to reach the lowest tone hole. Tenor recorders also come in either short or long bore models. All bass and contrabass recorders will have this feature as well. Some tenor recorders have a single or double key to help close the lowest tone hole. Boxwood, rosewood or Blackwood are also commonly used but produce a stronger tone and are more expensive. A softer wood, such as pear wood, olivewood or cherry wood, is usually less expensive and produces a warmer tone. The choice of the wood does influence the tone to a certain extent. Wooden recorders require more care in construction as well as in maintenance than plastic recorders. It clogs with moisture more than a wooden instrument but is much more durable. Plastic is suitable for an inexpensive instrument that is easy to play and care for. When choosing a recorder, material will have a significant impact on pricing. The soprano, tenor and contrabass are in the key of C, while the sopranino, alto and bass are in the key of F. The recorder comes in six sizes: sopranino, soprano, alto, tenor, bass and contrabass. Well-known composers of recorder music include Bach, Telemann and Purcell. Its volume was not loud enough for the concert halls being built during the nineteenth century and hence it fell out of favor. Typically used for Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque music, the recorder is best suited to chamber music and solo pieces. The far edge of the breath hole cuts the air stream, forcing a portion of it into the body and out of the tone holes.įipple Flutes – (from left to right) Angel Soprano, Susato Tabor Pipe, Thin Weasel D tin whistle, Clark C Penny Whistle, Moeck ondo Tenor Recorder, Howard low D Tin whistle Transverse flutes have a breath hole which is not inserted into the mouth, but instead is blown across. With a fipple flute, air is blown into the mouthpiece and is split by a piece of wood, bone, plastic or metal (the fipple) located inside the body, thus being forced out of the tone holes and producing sound. The difference is in the way air reaches the tone holes. Air, then, passes through the body and out of the tone holes. Sound is produced by blowing into the blow hole. Regardless of type, both kinds of flutes are tubes with a blow hole and tone holes. The mouthpiece or blow hole is near one end of the instrument. Transverse flutes are held parallel to the floor to one side of the player’s body. A fipple flute is one held perpendicular to the floor and with the mouthpiece or blow hole at the very end of the instrument. Flutes are classified into two groups: fipple flutes and transverse flutes.
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